Genki Lesson 4

があります／います

📝

Pattern:

(place に)　+ thing があります/ person が　います

💬

Meaning: There is/are...

ℹ️

Usage: Is used to say that something exists or is present.

Example

教室きょうしつに机つくえがあります。

There are desks in the classroom.

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Genki Lesson 4

Describe Where Thing Are

📝

Pattern: X は Y の [location word] です

💬

Meaning: X is [in fornt of, to the right of,...] of Y

ℹ️

Usage: Position of one object relative to another.

Example

銀行ぎんこうは駅えきの右みぎです。

The bank is to the right of the station.

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Genki Lesson 4

[Noun] + です

📝

Pattern:

Present: ~です, ~じゃないです

Past: ~でした , ~じゃなかったです

💬

Meaning:

ℹ️

Usage: です is the polite form of the copula (a linking verb like "is/am/are") in Japanese.

Example

東京とうきょうは大おおきい都市としです。

Tokyo is a big city.

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Genki I Genki Lesson 4

Verb Past Tense

📝

Pattern: ～ます/～ません

💬

Meaning:

ℹ️

Usage:

Example

私わたしは昨日きのうハンバーガーを食たべました

I ate a hamburger yesterday.

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Genki Lesson 4

も

📝

Pattern:

Replace を / は / が with も

OR attach も after other particles like に / で, depending on the sentence

💬

Meaning: also, too (with action)

ℹ️

Usage: Connects actions, showing when someone performs multiple similar activities or the same action across different locations or times.

Example

私わたしはコーヒーが好すきです。紅茶こうちゃも好すきです。

I like coffee. I like tea too.

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Genki Lesson 4

〜時間（じかん）

📝

Pattern: [Activity] を [Number]時間 [Verb]

💬

Meaning: 2 hours,...

ℹ️

Usage: Used to express the duration of an activity.

Example

妹いもうとは宿題しゅくだいを二に時間じかん終おわらせました。

My younger sister finished her homework in two hours.

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Genki Lesson 4

たくさん

📝

Pattern: You can place たくさん before the noun or after the particle を.

💬

Meaning:

ℹ️

Usage: たくさん is a quantity word in Japanese that means "a lot" or "many."

Example

たくさん質問しつもんを聞ききました。

I asked many questions.

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Genki Lesson 4

と

📝

Pattern: Noun 1 + と + Noun 2
Person + と + verb/action

💬

Meaning: "and" (connecting nouns), "with someone"

ℹ️

Usage: Connect nouns ("A and B") or to indicate doing something with someone ("doing X with Y").

Example

昨日きのう、図書館としょかんで日本語にほんごの教科書きょうかしょと雑誌ざっしを借かりました。

Yesterday, I borrowed a Japanese textbook and magazine from the library.

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