Genki I

Genki Lesson 1

N5
Sentence Structure Genki Lesson 1

~ ใฏ ~ ใงใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

X ใฏ Y ใงใ™

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: X is Y
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Basic sentence structure to state that X is Y.
Example

ใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใใ›ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚

I am a student.

N5
Particle Genki Lesson 1

ใ‹

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[Statement] + ใ‹

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Turns a sentence into a question
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: It works like a question mark in English.
Example

ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚

Are you Japanese?

N5
Genki Lesson 1

n1 ใฎ n2

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

N1 ใฎ N2

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: "N1's N2" or "N2 of N1"
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Links two nouns, showing a relationship such as possession, description, or origin.
Example

ๅ‹ใจใ‚‚ใ ใก ใฎ ๅๅ‰ใชใพใˆใ€ไฝ•๏ผŸ

Whatโ€™s your friendโ€™s name?

Genki Lesson 10

N5
Genki Lesson 10

Comparison between Two Items

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: A ใฎ[ๆ–น|ใปใ†]ใŒ B ใ‚ˆใ‚Š (property) ใงใ™ใ€‚ A ใจ B ใจใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎ[ๆ–น|ใปใ†]ใŒ (property) ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: A is more (property) than B.
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

้›ป่ปŠใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ ใฎๆ–นใปใ† ใŒ [ใƒใ‚น] ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใฏใ‚„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

Trains are faster than buses.

N5
Genki Lesson 10

Comparison among Three or More Items

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Group] ใฎ[ไธญ|ใชใ‹]ใง [A] ใŒ ใ„ใกใฐใ‚“ (property) ใงใ™ใ€‚
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: A is the most ... among the group.
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๆœใ‚ใ• ใจ ๆ˜ผใฒใ‚‹ ใจ ๅคœใ‚ˆใ‚‹ ใฎไธญใชใ‹ใงใ€ๅคœใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใŒ ใ„ใกใฐใ‚“ ้™ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚

Among morning, afternoon, and night, night is the quietest.

N5
Genki Lesson 10

Adjective/Noun + ใฎ

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Adjective/Noun + ใฎ
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: The ___ one, "my pen"
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

่ตคใ‚ใ‹ใ„ ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ”] ใจ [้’ใ‚ใŠใ„ ใฎใ€ใฉใฃใกใŒๅฅฝใ™ใ๏ผŸ

Which do you like better, red apples or the blue one?

N5
Genki Lesson 10

ใ€œใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ 

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [verb (short, present)] + ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ  [verb (short, negative)] + ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ 
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: intend to do, donโ€™t intend to do
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๅคœใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใฏ้‡Žใ‚„ใ•ใ„ใ‚’้ฃŸใŸในใ‚‹ ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Š ใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใƒ”ใ‚ถใ‚’้ฃŸใŸในใกใ‚ƒใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

I intended to eat vegetables tonight, but ended up eating pizza.

N5
Genki Lesson 10

Adj / Noun + ใชใ‚‹

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Adj / Noun + ใชใ‚‹
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: To becomeโ€ฆ
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

็œ ใญใ‚€ ใ ใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

I got sleepy.

N5
Genki Lesson 10

ใฉใ“ใ‹ / ใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ไฝ•ใชใซใ‹ ้ฃŸใŸใน ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ

Did you eat something?

Genki Lesson 11

N5
Genki Lesson 11

๏ฝžใŸใ„

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Verb stem + ใŸใ„ใงใ™
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: I want to...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Your desire to do something.
Example

ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใปใ‚“ ใซ ่กŒใ„ใ ใŸใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚

I want to go to Japan.

N5
Genki Lesson 11

๏ฝžใŸใ‚Š๏ฝžใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Verb (short past) + ใ‚Šใ€Verb (short past) + ใ‚Š + ใ™ใ‚‹
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Do such thing as this and that
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

้€ฑๆœซใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใพใค ใฏ ่ฒทใ„็‰ฉใ‹ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎ ใซ ่กŒใ„ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹้”ใจใ‚‚ใ ใก ใจ ่ฉฑใฏใชใ—ใŸ ใ‚Š ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

On weekends, I do things like go shopping and chat with friends.

N5
Genki Lesson 11

๏ฝžใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Verb (short, past)] + ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: I have done [something] before
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: This structure is used for past life experience, not for recent or one-time events.
Example

ๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใปใ‚“ ใฎ ๆธฉๆณ‰ใŠใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“ ใซ ๅ…ฅใฏใ„ใฃใŸ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

Iโ€™ve been in a Japanese hot spring before.

N5
Genki Lesson 11

a-ใ‚„-b

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Noun A ใ‚„ Noun B
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: โžก๏ธ A and B, for example
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Use ใ‚„ to connect nouns when you want to list some examples, but not everything.
Example

็Œซใญใ“ ใ‚„ ็Šฌใ„ใฌ ใŒ ๅฅฝใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚

I like animals like cats and dogs.

Genki Lesson 12

N5
Genki Lesson 12

๏ฝžใ‚“ใงใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Short form (verbs/adjectives/nouns) + ใ‚“ใงใ™ / ใฎใงใ™
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: โ€œYou see, โ€ฆโ€ โ€œItโ€™s that...โ€ โ€œ(That's) why...โ€ โ€œBecause...โ€
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Expressing explanation, reasoning, or context in Japanese
Example

ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ ๆ€ฅใ„ใใ„ใง ใ„ใ‚‹ ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚

I'm in a bit of a hurry (that's why I'm rushing).

N5
Genki Lesson 12

๏ฝžใ™ใŽใ‚‹

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Verb/adjective stem + ใ™ใŽใ‚‹
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Too much / Overly
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: To express that something is done too much, or to an excessive degree
Example

ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใง ้ฃŸใŸใน ใ™ใŽใฆ ่‹ฆใใ‚‹ใ—ใใชใฃใŸใ€‚

I ate too much at the party and felt sick.

N5
Genki Lesson 12

ใ€œใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [verb (short past or negative)] + ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๆ—ฉใฏใ‚„ใ ๅฏใญใŸ ใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใ€‚

Youโ€™d better go to bed early.

N5
Genki Lesson 12

๏ฝžใฎใง

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: (reason) + ใฎใง + (result/situation)
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Because / since โ€” for giving reasons
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

้›ป่ปŠใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ ใŒ ๆญขใจใพใฃใŸ ใฎใงใ€ๆญฉใ‚ใ‚‹ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

I walked because the train stopped.

Genki Lesson 2

N5
Pronoun Genki Lesson 2

ใ“ใ‚Œ / ใใ‚Œ / ใ‚ใ‚Œ / ใฉใ‚Œ

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ ็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฎ ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใงใ™ใ€‚

This is my book.(Situtation: Speaker is holding a book directly in their hands)

N5
Genki Lesson 2

ใ“ใฎ / ใใฎ / ใ‚ใฎ / ใฉใฎ

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

ใ“ใฎ / ใใฎ / ใ‚ใฎ / ใฉใฎ + Noun

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: โ€œthis ___,โ€ โ€œthat ___,โ€ โ€œthat ___ over there,โ€ or โ€œwhich ___?โ€
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: They must be followed by a noun. You canโ€™t use them alone like ใ“ใ‚Œ / ใใ‚Œ / ใ‚ใ‚Œ / ใฉใ‚Œ.
Example

ใ“ใฎ ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใฏ ้ข็™ฝใŠใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚

This book is interesting. (near the speaker)

N5
Genki Lesson 2

ใ“ใ“ / ใใ“ / ใ‚ใใ“ / ใฉใ“

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Used as stand-alone nouns..
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Here, there, over there, where?
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Indicate or ask about a place.
Example
N5
Genki Lesson 2

ใ ใ‚Œใฎ

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

ใ ใ‚Œใฎ + [noun]ย 

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Whose [noun]
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Ask about possession or ownership.
Example

ใ ใ‚Œใฎ ้ž„ใ‹ใฐใ‚“ ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

Whose bag is this?

N5
Particle Genki I Genki Lesson 2

Noun ใ‚‚

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Noun + ใ‚‚
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Also, too, as well
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Adding to a list of items/people or indicating shared characteristics.
Example

็”ฐไธญใŸใชใ‹ ใ•ใ‚“ ใฏ ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฑฑ็”ฐใ‚„ใพใ  ใ•ใ‚“ ใ‚‚ ๆ—ฅๆœฌไบบใซใปใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ ใงใ™ใ€‚

Tanaka-san is Japanese. Yamada-san is also Japanese.

N5
Genki I Genki Lesson 2

ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

(X ใฏ) Y ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ / ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ / ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: X is not Y
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Negative counterpart to "[Noun] ใงใ™".
Example

็งใฏ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใใ›ใ„ ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€ไผš็คพๅ“กใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใ„ใ‚“ ใงใ™ใ€‚

I am not a student, I am a company employee.

Genki Lesson 3

N5
Verb Genki Lesson 3

Dictionary Form

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ใ†-Verbs, ใ‚‹-Verbs, Irregular Verbs
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใพใ„ใซใก ๆœใ‚ใ• ใ”้ฃฏใฏใ‚“ ใ‚’ ้ฃŸใŸในใ‚‹ใ€‚

I eat breakfast every day.

N5
Verb Genki Lesson 3

Present Tense Conjugation

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ใพใ™/ใพใ›ใ‚“/ใชใ„
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใพใ„ใซใก ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใ‚’ ่ชญใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚

I read books every day. (casual, affirmative, ru-verb)

N5
Particle Genki Lesson 3

ใ‚’

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Object] + ใ‚’ + [Verb]
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Marks the direct object of the sentenceโ€”the thing being affected by the verb.
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: ใ‚’ indicates what is receiving the action of the verb.
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใ‚’ ่ชญใ‚ˆใฟใพใ™ใ€‚

I read a book.

N5
Genki Lesson 3

ใง

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Place] + ใง + [Verb]
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Indicates location where an action occurs or means/method used.
Example

ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ ใง ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใ‚’ ่ชญใ‚ˆใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

I read a book at the library.

N5
Particle Genki Lesson 3

ใซ

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[goal of movement/time/location of existence] + ใซ + verb

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Marks destinations, times, indirect objects, or locations of existence.
Example

ๅญฆๆ กใŒใฃใ“ใ† ใซ ่กŒใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚

I go to school.

N5
Particle Genki I Genki Lesson 3

ใธ

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[destination/direction] + ใธ/ใซ + verb of motion

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: This particle indicates the direction of movement, with an emphasis on the direction.
Example

ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใ“ใ†ใˆใ‚“ใธๆ•ฃๆญฉใ•ใ‚“ใฝใซ่กŒใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

I went for a walk to the park.

Genki Lesson 4

N5
Genki Lesson 4

ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผใ„ใพใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

(place ใซ)ใ€€+ย  thing ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™/ person ใŒใ€€ใ„ใพใ™

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: There is/are...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Is used to say that something exists or is present.
Example

ๆ•™ๅฎคใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใค ใซ ๆœบใคใใˆ ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

There are desks in the classroom.

N5
Genki Lesson 4

Describe Where Thing Are

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: X ใฏ Y ใฎ [location word] ใงใ™
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: X is [in fornt of, to the right of,...] of Y
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Position of one object relative to another.
Example

้Š€่กŒใŽใ‚“ใ“ใ† ใฏ ้ง…ใˆใ ใฎ ๅณใฟใŽ ใงใ™ใ€‚

The bank is to the right of the station.

N5
Genki Lesson 4

[Noun] + ใงใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

Present: ~ใงใ™, ~ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

Past: ~ใงใ—ใŸ , ~ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: ใงใ™ is the polite form of the copula (a linking verb like "is/am/are") in Japanese.
Example

ๆฑไบฌใจใ†ใใ‚‡ใ† ใฏ ๅคงใŠใŠใใ„ ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใจใ— ใงใ™ใ€‚

Tokyo is a big city.

N5
Genki I Genki Lesson 4

Verb Past Tense

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ๏ฝžใพใ™/๏ฝžใพใ›ใ‚“
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใใฎใ† ใƒใƒณใƒใƒผใ‚ฌใƒผ ใ‚’ ้ฃŸใŸในใพใ—ใŸ

I ate a hamburger yesterday.

N5
Genki Lesson 4

ใ‚‚

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

Replace ใ‚’ / ใฏ / ใŒ with ใ‚‚

OR attach ใ‚‚ after other particles like ใซ / ใง, depending on the sentence

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: also, too (with action)
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Connects actions, showing when someone performs multiple similar activities or the same action across different locations or times.
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผ ใŒๅฅฝใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚็ด…่Œถใ“ใ†ใกใ‚ƒ ใ‚‚ ๅฅฝใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚

I like coffee. I like tea too.

N5
Genki Lesson 4

ใ€œๆ™‚้–“๏ผˆใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“๏ผ‰

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Activity] ใ‚’ [Number]ๆ™‚้–“ [Verb]
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: 2 hours,...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Used to express the duration of an activity.
Example

ๅฆนใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ใจ ใฏ ๅฎฟ้กŒใ—ใ‚…ใใ ใ„ ใ‚’ ไบŒใซๆ™‚้–“ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“ ็ต‚ใŠใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

My younger sister finished her homework in two hours.

Genki Lesson 5

N5
Genki Lesson 5

ใ„/ใช-adj (Present Tense)

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

Affirmative: ใ„-adj/ใช-adj + ใงใ™

Negative: ใ„-adj: ~ ใใชใ„ใงใ™, ใช-adj: ~ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: ใ„-adjectives and ใช-adjectives.
Example

ใ“ใฎ ๆ—…่กŒใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ† ใฏ ๆฅฝใŸใฎใ—ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚

This trip is fun.

N5
Genki Lesson 5

ใ„-Adj/ใช-Adj (Past Tense)

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

ใ„-adj: [stem] + ใ‹ใฃใŸ ใงใ™

ใช-adj: [stem] + ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใปใ‚“ใ”ใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ—ใ‘ใ‚“ใฏ้›ฃใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ— ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

The Japanese exam was difficult.

N5
Genki Lesson 5

ใ„/ใช-adj + Noun

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

ใ„-Adjectives: [ใ„-adjective] + [noun]

ใช-Adjectives: [ใช-adjective] + ใช + [noun]

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใใฎใ†ใ€็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๆ–ฐใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใ‚’ ่ฒทใ‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

Yesterday, I didn't buy a new book.

N5
Genki Lesson 5

ๅฅฝใ(ใช)-ใใ‚‰ใ„(ใช)

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: X ใฏ Y ใŒ ๅฅฝใ / ใใ‚‰ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: โ†’ X likes/dislikes Y.
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Expressing Likes and Dislikes
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใซใปใ‚“ใ” ใฎ ๆŽˆๆฅญใ˜ใ‚…ใŽใ‚‡ใ† ใŒ ๅฅฝใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚

I like Japanese class.

N5
Genki Lesson 5

๏ฝžใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† / ๏ฝžใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ๏ฝžใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† / ๏ฝžใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ย 
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Letโ€™s / Shall we?
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Is used to make a suggestion to do something together.
Example

ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚ใ—ใŸใ€ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ ใง ไธ€็ท’ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ ใซ ๅ‹‰ๅผทในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ— ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚

Let's study together at the library tomorrow.

N5
Genki Lesson 5

Counting

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

Item + Number + Counter

 

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Example: ใƒšใƒณใ‚’ไบ”ๆœฌ (5 pens)
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใใ›ใ„ ใŸใก ใฏ ๅ†™็œŸใ—ใ‚ƒใ—ใ‚“ ใ‚’ ไธ‰ใ•ใ‚“ ๆžšใพใ„ ใจใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

The students took three photos.

Genki Lesson 6

N5
Genki Lesson 6

ใฆ-form

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ใ†ใคใ‚‹ใฃใฆใ€ใถใ‚€ใฌใ‚“ใงใ€ใใ„ใฆใ€ใใ„ใงใ€ใ™ใ—ใฆ๏ผใใ‚‹ใใฆใ€€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ—ใฆใ€€ใ„ใใ„ใฃใฆ!
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใ‚’ ่ชญใ‚ˆใ‚“ใง ๅ‹‰ๅผทในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ† ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

I read a book and study.

N5
Genki Lesson 6

ใ€œใฆใใ ใ•ใ„

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Verb in te-form] + ใใ ใ•ใ„

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Please do [something] for me.
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Is used to make polite requests.
Example

ใƒ‰ใ‚ข ใ‚’ ้–‰ใ—ใ‚ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

Please close the door.

N5
Genki Lesson 6

ใฆ-form to Connect Actions

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Verb in ใฆ-form], [Verb in ใฆ-form], ... [Final verb]
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: I do ... "and then..."
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Used to show that actions happen in sequence.
Example

ๆœใ‚ใ• ใ”้ฃฏใฏใ‚“ ใ‚’ ้ฃŸใŸในใฆใ€ๆญฏใฏ ใ‚’ ็ฃจใฟใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๅญฆๆ กใŒใฃใ“ใ† ใซ ่กŒใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

I ate breakfast, brushed my teeth, and went to school.

Genki I Genki Lesson 6

ใ€œใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Verb (ใฆ-form) + ใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: โ—You must not / Youโ€™re not allowed to...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Is used to strongly prohibit something.
Example

ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“ ใง ่ฉฑใฏใชใ— ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

You must not talk in the library.

N5
Genki Lesson 6

ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[situation]ใ€‚[explanation] ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€‚

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: โ€œBecauseโ€ฆโ€ / โ€œSinceโ€ฆโ€
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Used to explain a reason or give a cause for something.
Example

ไปŠๆ—ฅใใ‚‡ใ† ใฏ ๅฏ’ใ•ใ‚€ใ„ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธŠ็€ใ†ใ‚ใŽ ใ‚’ ็€ใ ใพใ™ใ€‚

It's cold today, so I'll wear a jacket.

N5
Genki Lesson 6

ใ€œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ (P.2-Offering Assitance)

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Verb (ใพใ™-form, without ใพใ™) + ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: โ€œShall I...?โ€ / โ€œShall we...?โ€
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Itโ€™s used to offer help, especially when someone might need a hand.
Example

็ช“ใพใฉ ใ‚’ ้–‹ใ‚ใ‘ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚

Shall I open the window?

Genki Lesson 7

N5
Sentence Structure Genki Lesson 7

๏ฝžใฆใ„ใ‚‹ (Action in Progress)

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Verb (ใฆ-form) + ใ„ใ‚‹
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Doing something...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Talking about things that are happening right now or even things that happen regularly
Example

ไปŠใ„ใพ ๅฎฟ้กŒใ—ใ‚…ใใ ใ„ ใ‚’ ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

I'm doing homework right now.

N5
Genki Lesson 7

ใ€œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ (Result of a Change)

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Change Verb (ใฆ-form) + ใ„ใ‚‹ = Resulting State
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: With change verbs, ใ€œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ means the result of that change still remains.
Example

็”ฐไธญ|ใŸใชใ‹] ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ็ตๅฉšใ‘ใฃใ“ใ‚“ ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

Mr. Tanaka is married.

N5
Genki I Genki Lesson 7

Body Description with ใ€œใฏใ€œใŒใ€œใงใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Person] ใฏ [Body part] ใŒ [Adjective] ใงใ™ใ€‚ย 
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: [Person] has [adjective] [body part].
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Describe someoneโ€™s physical features.
Example

็”ฐไธญ|ใŸใชใ‹] ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ็›ฎใ‚ ใŒ ๅคงใŠใŠใใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚

Tanaka-san has big eyes.

N5
Genki Lesson 7

Adj/Noun Te-forms for Joining Sentences

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[Description 1 (ใฆ-form)], [Description 2 (ใฆ-form)], ... + [Final description/verb]

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Young and Beautiful
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Connect multiple adj, or multiple nouns.
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฎ ๅง‰ใ‚ใญ ใฏ ็ถบ้บ—ใใ‚Œใ„ ใงใ€ ่‹ฅใ‚ใ‹ใ„ ใงใ™ใ€‚

My older sister is beautiful and young.

N5
Genki Lesson 7

Verb Stem + ใซ่กŒใ/ๆฅใ‚‹/ๅธฐใ‚‹

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[Destination] ใซ/ใธ + [Purpose of movement (Verb Stem)] + ใซ + ่กŒใ๏ผๆฅใ‚‹๏ผๅธฐใ‚‹

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: Go/Come/Return to do something.
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“ใƒ‹] ใซ [ใŠๅผๅฝ“ใŠในใ‚“ใจใ† ใ‚’ ่ฒทใ‹ ใ„ ใซ ่กŒใ„ ใใพใ™ใ€‚

I'm going to the convenience store to buy a lunch box.

N5
Genki Lesson 7

Counting People (ใ€œไบบใƒปใซใ‚“)

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Person/Group] ใŒ [number]ไบบ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: There are [number] people.
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Counting people.
Example

ๆ•™ๅฎคใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใค ใซ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใใ›ใ„ ใŒ ไธƒไบบใชใชใซใ‚“ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

There are seven students in the classroom.

Genki Lesson 8

Genki Lesson 8

Short Forms Conjugation

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: Short Forms Conjugation of Verbs, ใ„-Adjectives, ใช-Adjectives, Nouns, Irregular Verbs
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ไปŠๆ—ฅใใ‚‡ใ† ๆ˜ ็”ปใˆใ„ใŒ ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใฟ ใชใ„๏ผŸ

Wanna watch a movie today? (casual, short form)

Genki Lesson 8

Short Forms in Informal Speech

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ไฝ•ใชใซ ใ‚’ ้ฃŸใŸในใ‚‹?

What will you eat? (informal)

Genki Lesson 8

Short Form in Quoted Speech

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[Short form] + ใจ[ๆ€|ใŠใ‚‚]ใ„ใพใ™: I think

[Short form] + ใจ[่จ€|ใ„]ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ: They said

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: I think..., They said...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Quoted Speech.
Example

ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‚ใ—ใŸ ใฏ ้›จใ‚ใ‚ ใŒ ้™ใต ใ‚‹ ใจๆ€ใŠใ‚‚ ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

I think it will rain tomorrow. (formal)

Genki Lesson 8

๏ฝžใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: This is a polite way to ask someone NOT to do something in Japanese. You take the negative short form of a verb and add ใงใใ ใ•ใ„.
Example
N5
Genki Lesson 8

~ใฎใŒ ๅฅฝใ๏ผใใ‚‰ใ„๏ผไธŠๆ‰‹๏ผไธ‹ๆ‰‹ ใงใ™

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

[Person] ใฏ [Verb (dictionary form)] + ใฎใŒ + [ๅฅฝใ๏ผใใ‚‰ใ„๏ผไธŠๆ‰‹๏ผไธ‹ๆ‰‹] ใงใ™

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: like, dislike, good/poor at
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Express preferences or abilities by turning verbs into nouns with ใฎ, then adding phrases like "like," "dislike," "good at," or "poor at."
Example

็งใ‚ใŸใ— ใฏ ๆœฌใปใ‚“ ใ‚’ ่ชญใ‚ˆ ใ‚€ ใฎใŒ ๅฅฝใ™ใ ใงใ™ใ€‚

I like reading books.

Genki Lesson 9

N5
Genki Lesson 9

Past Tense Short Forms

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ใŸ/ใ , ใ‹ใฃใŸ, ใ ใฃใŸ,...
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใใฎใ† ๅ‹้”ใจใ‚‚ใ ใก ใจ ๆ˜ ็”ปใˆใ„ใŒ ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใฟใŸใ€‚

Yesterday, I watched a movie with a friend.

Genki Lesson 9

Past Tense Short Forms in Informal Speech

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning:
โ„น๏ธ
Usage:
Example

A: ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ—ใ‘ใ‚“ ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผŸB: ๅคงๅค‰ใŸใ„ใธใ‚“ ใ ใฃใŸ๏ผๆ™‚้–“ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“ ใŒ ่ถณใŸใ‚Šใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚

A: How was the exam? B: It was tough! There wasn't enough time.

Genki Lesson 9

Past Tense Short Forms in Quoted Speech

๐Ÿ“
Pattern:

Past Tense + ใจ[ๆ€|ใŠใ‚‚]ใ„ใพใ™

Past Tense + ใจ[่จ€|ใ„]ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ

๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: I think, someone said, ...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Quoting something that happened in the past.
Example

ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใใฎใ† ใฎ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆ] ใฏ [้›ฃใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ใจๆ€ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

I think yesterday's test wasn't difficult.

Genki Lesson 9

Qualifying Nouns with Verbs & Adj

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: [Verb in ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ form] + [Noun]
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: someone/something that is ___ing
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: Describe someone based on their current actions or ongoing state.
Example

็Šฌใ„ใฌ ใจ ้Šใ‚ใใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ ใฏ ็ง ใฎ ๅผŸใŠใจใ†ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚

The child playing with the dog is my little brother.

N5
Genki Lesson 9

ใ‚‚ใ†ใ€œใพใ—ใŸ

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ใ‚‚ใ† + [verb in ใพใ—ใŸ form]
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: I have already ...
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: When you want to say youโ€™ve already done something.
Example

ใ“ใฎ ๆ˜ ็”ปใˆใ„ใŒ ใฏ ใ‚‚ใ† ่ฆ‹ใฟใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

Iโ€™ve already seen this movie.

N5
Genki Lesson 9

ใพใ ใ€œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“

๐Ÿ“
Pattern: ใพใ  + [verb in ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ form]
๐Ÿ’ฌ
Meaning: I havenโ€™t ... yet
โ„น๏ธ
Usage: When you want to say you havenโ€™t done something yet
Example

ใพใ  ๅฎฟ้กŒใ—ใ‚…ใใ ใ„ ใ‚’ ็ต‚ใŠใˆ ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚

I havenโ€™t finished the homework yet.

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